2A03:D000:6484:6195:8D9B:C0E6:F399:DC34: changed wrong description under screenshot. It's gnome 45 on image because of workspaces indicator

2023-10-15T10:38:52Z

changed wrong description under screenshot. It's gnome 45 on image because of workspaces indicator

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{{Short description|Graphical shell of the GNOME desktop environment}}

{{Use mdy dates|date=June 2017}}
{{Infobox software
| title = GNOME Shell
| name = GNOME
| screenshot = [[File:GNOME Shell.png|300px|GNOME Shell]]
| caption = GNOME Shell 45 (released in September 2023)
| developer = [[The GNOME Project]]
| released = {{Start date and age|2011|04|06}}
| latest release version = {{wikidata|property|edit|reference|Q1343860|P548=Q2804309|P348}}
| latest release date = {{start date and age|{{wikidata|qualifier|Q1343860|P548=Q2804309|P348|P577}}}}
| repo = {{URL|https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/gnome-shell}}
| programming language = [[C (programming language)|C]] and [[JavaScript]]<ref name="gnome3myths" /><ref>{{cite web
| url = https://github.com/GNOME/gnome-shell
| title = GNOME/gnome-shell
| website = [[GitHub]]
| quote = C: 48.9%; JavaScript: 47.6%.
| access-date = March 4, 2017
| archive-date = October 27, 2017
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171027092238/https://github.com/GNOME/gnome-shell
| url-status = live
}}</ref>
| operating system = [[BSD]], [[Linux]], [[Unix]]
| language = Afrikaans, Arabic, Aragonese, Assamese, Asturian, Basque, Belarusian, Bengali, Bosnian, Brazilian Portuguese, British English, Bulgarian, Catalan, Chinese, Czech, Danish, Dutch, Esperanto, Estonian, Finnish, French, Friulian, Galician, German, Greek, Gujarati, Hebrew, Hindi, Hungarian, Icelandic, Indonesian, Interlingua, Irish, Italian, Japanese, Kannada, Kazakh, Khmer, Kirghiz, Korean, Kurdish, Latvian, Lithuanian, Macedonian, Malay, Malayalam, Marathi, Nepali, Norwegian Bokmål, Norwegian Nynorsk, Occitan, Oriya, Persian, Polish, Portuguese, Punjabi, Romanian, Russian, Scottish Gaelic, Serbian, Serbian Latin, Sinhala, Slovak, Slovenian, Spanish, Swedish, Tajik, Tamil, Telugu, Thai, Turkish, Uighur, Ukrainian, Uzbek (Cyrillic), Vietnamese
| language count = 75
| language footnote = <ref name="Languages" />
| genre = {{unbulleted list
| [[Shell (computing)|Graphical Shell]]
| [[Linux on the desktop]]}}
| license = [[GNU General Public License|GPL-2.0-or-later]]
| website = {{URL|https://wiki.gnome.org/Projects/GnomeShell}}
}}

'''GNOME Shell''' is the [[graphical shell]] of the [[GNOME]] [[desktop environment]] starting with [[GNOME 3|version 3]],<ref name="gnome-3-planning" /> which was released on April 6, 2011. It provides basic functions like launching applications, switching between [[Window (computing)|windows]] and is also a [[widget engine]]. GNOME Shell replaced [[GNOME Panel]]<ref name="shell-replaces-panel" /> and some ancillary components of GNOME 2.

GNOME Shell is written in [[C (programming language)|C]] and [[JavaScript]] as a plugin for [[Mutter (software)|Mutter]].

In contrast to the [[KDE Plasma Workspaces]], a software framework intended to facilitate the creation of multiple graphical shells for different devices, the GNOME Shell is intended to be used on [[desktop computer]]s with large screens operated via [[computer keyboard|keyboard]] and [[Mouse (computing)|mouse]], as well as [[Personal computer#Portable|portable computer]]s with smaller screens operated via their [[Keyboard (computing)|keyboard]], [[touchpad]] or [[touchscreen]].

==History==
The first concepts for GNOME Shell were created during GNOME's ''User Experience Hackfest'' 2008 in Boston.<ref>{{cite web|title=My glimpse at Gnome-Shell|publisher=Mad for Ubuntu |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100523200336/http://www.madforubuntu.com/apps-and-tools/my-glimpse-at-gnome-shell/ |archive-date=May 23, 2010 |url=http://www.madforubuntu.com/apps-and-tools/my-glimpse-at-gnome-shell/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://wiki.gnome.org/Events/Summit/2008/GUIHackfest |title=User Experience Hackfest |publisher=GNOME |date=October 14, 2008 |access-date=March 12, 2013 |archive-date=August 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801085059/https://wiki.gnome.org/Events/Summit/2008/GUIHackfest |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://bethesignal.org/blog/2011/03/15/timeline-gnome-user-experience-hackfest-2008/ |title=Timeline: The Greatest Show on Earth |publisher=Be the signal |date=March 15, 2011 |access-date=March 12, 2013 |archive-date=May 17, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110517033841/http://bethesignal.org/blog/2011/03/15/timeline-gnome-user-experience-hackfest-2008/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

After criticism of the traditional GNOME desktop and accusations of stagnation and lacking vision,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://wingolog.org/archives/2008/06/07/gnome-in-the-age-of-decadence |title=gnome in the age of decadence |publisher=wingolog |date=June 7, 2008 |access-date=March 12, 2013 |archive-date=February 10, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130210004142/http://wingolog.org/archives/2008/06/07/gnome-in-the-age-of-decadence |url-status=live }}</ref> the resulting discussion led to the announcement of ''GNOME 3.0'' in April 2009.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://mail.gnome.org/archives/desktop-devel-list/2009-April/msg00004.html |title=Planning for GNOME 3.0 |date=April 2, 2009 |access-date=March 12, 2013 |archive-date=March 7, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120307191311/http://mail.gnome.org/archives/desktop-devel-list/2009-April/msg00004.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Since then Red Hat has been the main driver of GNOME Shell's development.<ref>{{cite web|author=Matthew Garrett (mjg59) wrote, October 26, 2010 18:39:00 |url=http://mjg59.livejournal.com/128650.html |title=mjg59: Fun facts |publisher=Mjg59.livejournal.com |date=October 26, 2010 |access-date=March 12, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120505082557/http://mjg59.livejournal.com/128650.html |archive-date=May 5, 2012 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

Pre-release versions of GNOME Shell were first made available in August 2009<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ftp.accum.se/pub/GNOME/sources/gnome-shell/2.27/ |title=ftp.gnome.org |publisher=Ftp.accum.se |access-date=March 12, 2013 |archive-date=December 17, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221217022353/http://ftp.accum.se/pub/GNOME/sources/gnome-shell/2.27/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and became regular, non-default part of GNOME in version 2.28 in September 2009.<ref name="gnome2.28">{{cite web |url=http://library.gnome.org/misc/release-notes/2.28/ |title=GNOME 2.28 Release Notes |publisher=GNOME |access-date=March 12, 2013 |archive-date=October 16, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091016053903/http://library.gnome.org/misc/release-notes/2.28/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It was finally shipped as GNOME's default user interface on April 6, 2011.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://wiki.gnome.org/TwoPointNinetyone/ |title=GNOME 2.91.x Development Series |publisher=GNOME |date=March 24, 2011 |access-date=March 12, 2013 |archive-date=January 6, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140106215657/https://wiki.gnome.org/TwoPointNinetyone |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thinq.co.uk/2011/04/06/gnome-30-gnome-shell-officially-launched/ |title=GNOME 3.0 with GNOME Shell officially launched | ITProPortal.com |publisher=Thinq.co.uk |access-date=March 12, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111227122435/http://www.thinq.co.uk/2011/04/06/gnome-30-gnome-shell-officially-launched/ |archive-date=December 27, 2011 |df=mdy }}</ref>

==Design==
{{Seealso|Adwaita (design language)}}
As graphical shell (graphical front-end/graphical shell/UX/UI) of the GNOME desktop environment, its design is guided by the GNOME UX Design Team.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://wiki.gnome.org/Design/ |title=GNOME UX Design Team |access-date=November 13, 2014 |archive-date=December 26, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141226015520/https://wiki.gnome.org/Design |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Design components===
{{overlay
| columns = 2
| image = GNOME Shell.png
| float = right
| width = 400
| height = 225
| legend1title = {{center|GNOME Shell Overview mode}}
| overlay1 = Activities button
| overlay1top = 1
| overlay1left = 1
| overlay2 = Dash
| overlay2top = 220
| overlay2left = 195
| overlay3 = Search bar
| overlay3top = 8
| overlay3left = 150
| overlay4 = Notifications and messaging tray
| overlay4top = 1
| overlay4left = 195
| overlay5 = System status area
| overlay5top = 1
| overlay5left = 392
| overlay6 = Workspace list
| overlay6top = 110
| overlay6left = 392
| overlay7 = Indicators tray
| overlay7top = 205
| overlay7left = 0
}}

The GNOME Shell comprises the following graphical and functional elements:<ref>{{cite web |url=https://wiki.gnome.org/Projects/GnomeShell/Design |title=GNOME Shell Design |access-date=May 21, 2014 |archive-date=March 16, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316080502/https://wiki.gnome.org/Projects/GnomeShell/Design |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Top bar
* System status area
* Activities Overview
* Dash
* Window picker
* Application picker
* Search
* Notifications and messaging tray
* Application switcher
* Indicators tray (deprecated, waiting on new specification<ref>{{Cite web |title=Update StatusNotifierItem/systemtray spec (#84) · Issues · xdg / xdg-specs · GitLab |url=https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/xdg/xdg-specs/-/issues/84 |access-date=2023-02-12 |website=GitLab |language=en}}</ref>)

==Software architecture==
{{external media|title=GNOME Wiki|image1=[https://wiki.gnome.org/Projects/GnomeShell/Technology?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=tech-components-diagram.png Projects/GnomeShell/Technology]}}
GNOME Shell is tightly integrated with [[Mutter (software)|Mutter]], a [[compositing window manager]] and [[Wayland compositor]]. It is based upon [[Clutter (software)|Clutter]] to provide visual effects and [[hardware acceleration]].<ref name="mutter-gnome-future" /> According to GNOME Shell maintainer<ref name="behind-the-scenes" /> Owen Taylor, it is set up as a Mutter plugin largely written in JavaScript<ref name="mutter-in-js" /> and uses [[GUI widget]]s provided by [[GTK+]] version 3.

===Features===
Changes to the [[user interface]] (UI) include, but are not limited to:
* Clutter and Mutter support [[Multi-touch gestures#Multi-touch gestures|multi-touch gestures]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://mail.gnome.org/archives/ftp-release-list/2014-July/msg00088.html |title=Mutter 3.13.4 release |access-date=July 26, 2014 |archive-date=August 9, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140809044738/https://mail.gnome.org/archives/ftp-release-list/2014-July/msg00088.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Support for [[HiDPI]] monitors.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://mail.gnome.org/archives/ftp-release-list/2014-July/msg00087.html |title=GNOME Shell 3.13.4 |access-date=July 26, 2014 |archive-date=August 9, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140809044255/https://mail.gnome.org/archives/ftp-release-list/2014-July/msg00087.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* A new ''Activities overview'', which houses:
** A [[Dock (computing)|dock]] (called "Dash") for quickly switching between and launching applications
** A window picker, similar to [[macOS]]'s [[Mission Control (macOS)|Mission Control]], also incorporating a workspace switcher/manager
** An application picker
** Search
* "Snapping" windows to screen borders to make them fill up a half of the screen or the whole screen
* A single window button by default, Close, instead of three (configurable). Minimization has been removed due to the lack of a panel to minimize to, in favor of workspace window management. Maximization can be accomplished using the afore-mentioned window snapping, or by double-clicking the window title bar.
* A fallback mode is offered in versions 3.0–3.6 for those without hardware acceleration which offers the GNOME Panel desktop. This mode can also be toggled through the System Settings menu.<ref name="gnome3-fallback" /> GNOME 3.8 removed the fallback mode and replaced it with GNOME Shell extensions that offer a more traditional look and feel.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://blogs.gnome.org/mclasen/2012/12/05/gnome-3-7-what-is-happening-now/ |title=GNOME 3.7: what is happening now | Goings on |publisher=GNOME |date=December 5, 2012 |access-date=March 12, 2013 |archive-date=December 9, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121209013058/http://blogs.gnome.org/mclasen/2012/12/05/gnome-3-7-what-is-happening-now/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Extensibility===
The functionality of GNOME Shell can be changed with [[Plug-in (computing)|extensions]], which can be written in [[JavaScript]]. Users can find and install extensions using the GNOME extensions website. Some of these extensions are hosted in GNOME's [[git (software)|git repository]], though they are not official.<ref name="live-extensions" />

===Gallery===
<gallery>
File:GNOME_Shell.png | GNOME Shell Overlay Mode Windows
File:GNOME Shell 3.32 overview screenshot.png | GNOME Shell Overlay Mode Applications in version 3.32
</gallery>

==Adoption==

* [[Arch Linux]] dropped support of GNOME 2 in favor of GNOME 3 in its [[software repository|repositories]] in April 2011.<ref name="arch-gnome" />
* [[Fedora (operating system)|Fedora]] uses GNOME Shell by default since release 15, May 2011.<ref name="fedora-features" />
* [[Sabayon Linux]] uses the latest version of GNOME Shell.
* [[openSUSE]]'s GNOME edition has used GNOME Shell since version 12.1 in November 2011.<ref name="opensuse-12.1" />
* [[Mageia]] 2 and later include GNOME Shell, since May 2012.<ref name="mageia-rn" />
* [[Debian]] 8 and later features GNOME Shell in the default desktop, since April 2015.<ref name="debian-sid" /><ref name="debian-wheezy" />
* [[Solaris (operating system)|Solaris]] 11.4 replaced GNOME 2 with GNOME Shell in August 2018.<ref name="solaris-11.4">{{Cite web|title=Oracle Solaris 11.4 Officially Released - Phoronix|url=https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=Solaris-11.4-Released|access-date=2020-06-25|website=www.phoronix.com|archive-date=June 27, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627145601/https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=Solaris-11.4-Released|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="g3-in-solaris-11.4">{{Cite web|last=Coopersmith|first=Alan|title=Using GNOME 3 in Oracle Solaris 11.4|url=https://blogs.oracle.com/solaris/using-gnome-3-in-oracle-solaris-114|publisher=[[Oracle Solaris Blog]]|access-date=June 25, 2020|archive-date=August 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801051955/https://blogs.oracle.com/solaris/using-gnome-3-in-oracle-solaris-114|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Ubuntu (operating system)|Ubuntu]] uses GNOME Shell by default since 17.10, October 2017, after Canonical ceased development of Unity.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2017/06/ubuntu-17-10-daily-builds-gnome|title=GNOME is now the Default Desktop in Ubuntu 17.10 Daily Builds|date=June 7, 2017|access-date=July 13, 2017|archive-date=July 19, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170719124151/http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2017/06/ubuntu-17-10-daily-builds-gnome|url-status=live}}</ref> It has been available for installation in the repositories since version 11.10.<ref name="ubuntu-pkg" /> An alternative flavor, [[Ubuntu GNOME]], was released alongside Ubuntu 12.10,<ref>{{cite web |author=Andrew |url=http://www.webupd8.org/2012/10/prefer-gnome-shell-download-ubuntu.html |title=Prefer GNOME Shell? Download Ubuntu GNOME Remix 12.10 ~ Web Upd8: Ubuntu / Linux blog |publisher=Webupd8.org |date=October 19, 2012 |access-date=March 12, 2013 |archive-date=March 10, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130310195150/http://www.webupd8.org/2012/10/prefer-gnome-shell-download-ubuntu.html |url-status=live }}</ref> and gained official flavor status by Ubuntu 13.04.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://wiki.ubuntu.com/UbuntuGNOME|title=Introduction to Ubuntu GNOME|access-date=April 27, 2013|archive-date=October 15, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161015053652/https://wiki.ubuntu.com/UbuntuGNOME/|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Reception===
{{See also|GNOME 3#Reception}}

GNOME Shell has received mixed reviews: it has been criticized for a variety of reasons, mostly related to design decisions and reduced user control over the environment. For example, users in the [[free software community]] have raised concerns that the planned tight integration with [[Mutter (window manager)|Mutter]] will mean that users of GNOME Shell will not be able to switch to an alternative [[window manager]] without breaking their desktop. In particular, users might not be able to use [[Compiz]] with GNOME Shell while retaining access to the same types of features that older versions of GNOME allowed.<ref name="metacity-mutter-shell-2.28" />

Reviews have generally become more positive over time, with upcoming releases addressing many of the annoyances reported by users.<ref name=wallen2014>{{cite web | title=GNOME 3.10 has resurrected what was once the darling of the Linux desktop | last=Wallen | first=Jack | url=http://www.techrepublic.com/article/gnome-3-10-has-resurrected-what-was-once-the-darling-of-the-linux-desktop/ | publisher=TechRepublic | url-status=live | date=March 28, 2014 | archive-date=March 28, 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328234824/http://www.techrepublic.com/article/gnome-3-10-has-resurrected-what-was-once-the-darling-of-the-linux-desktop/ }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=In Defense of Gnome 3|url=http://www.jupiterbroadcasting.com/48967/in-defense-of-gnome-3-las-s30e04/|work=[[Linux Action Show]]|publisher=Jupiter Broadcasting|access-date=April 2, 2014|author=Matt Hartley, Chris Fisher|date=January 5, 2014|archive-date=March 13, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140313113912/http://www.jupiterbroadcasting.com/48967/in-defense-of-gnome-3-las-s30e04/|url-status=live}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal bar|Linux|Free and open-source software}}
* [[Unity (user interface)|Unity]] – a shell interface for GNOME used by old versions of [[Ubuntu]]

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}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|GNOME Shell}}
* {{Official website}}

{{GNOME}}
{{X desktop environments and window managers}}

[[Category:GNOME]]
[[Category:Graphical shells that use GTK]]
[[Category:Software that uses Clutter (software)]]
[[Category:Software that uses Meson]]
[[Category:User interfaces]]

GNOME Shell - Revision history

Datanasov: 1 revision imported

2A03:D000:6484:6195:8D9B:C0E6:F399:DC34: changed wrong description under screenshot. It's gnome 45 on image because of workspaces indicator

← Older revision	Revision as of 21:22, 11 January 2024
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